What Is The Theme Of Alcoholism In Cathedral By Raymond...

In â€Å"Cathedral†, a short story by Raymond Carver, an unnamed narrator awaits the arrival of a friend of his wife’s, a blind man named Robert. Robert is stopping by for a visit on the way to his recently dead wife’s relatives. The narrator is not happy about the relationship his wife has with Robert, so he drinks constantly throughout the story. He even smokes marijuana near to keep his mind off of the situation. This trait that the narrator has can be linked back to the author Raymond Carver, who was a suffering alcoholic for many years. By the time Carver wrote this story, he had been alcohol free for three years, so his unconscious desire to return to drinking is shown through the narrator. The narrator also has a hidden desire of using†¦show more content†¦He barely speaks any words about himself, instead he chooses to tell everything about his wife’s life. When the narrator speaks of his wife’s first husband, he says â€Å"this man who’d first enjoyed her favors†¦why should he have a name?† (Carver 275). The way he words these phrases shows how he is trying to hide the fact that his wife has been with another man. The insecurities about the relationship probably began when the wife told the narrator that Robert â€Å"asked if he could touch her face. She agreed to this. She told me he touched his fingers to every part of her face, her nose—even her neck† (Carver 274). The narrator doesn’t say anymore on the topic and decides to move on, but the silence shows how he doesn’t approve of the situation. The narrator felt that his wife â€Å"told [Robert] everything, or so it seemed to me† (Carver 275). When the wife notices how the narrator is uncomfortable about Robert she says â€Å"If you love me, you can do this for me. If you don’t love me, okay† (Carver 276), which shows that she doesn’t have much stake in the relationship either. The narrator describes in detail how his wife is happy and smiling as she is talking to Robert, but when she â€Å"finally took her eyes off the blind man and looked at me. I had the feeling she didn’t like what she saw† (Carver 278). He even begins to get jealous that his doesn’t even mention him as she tells her life story. â€Å"I waited in vain to hear my name on my wife’sShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and Marijuana in Catherdral by Raymond Carver Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesand encage in behaviors out of the ordinary. Drugs and alcohol are used in the story â€Å"Cathedral† but also they are used in Raymond Carver’s personal life. Carver began drinking heavily in 1967 and was repeatedly hospitalized for alcoholism in the 1970’s. Carver’s minimum wage jobs, the demand of parenting and the need to bring money home led to his addiction to alcohol. Alcohol became a problem because carver was saddled with an old car, a rented house, and a serious debt as well as perennial wagonloadRead MoreThe Lives and Works of Raymond Carver1692 Words   |  7 PagesWith a unique and brilliant style of writing, Raymond Carver has left a lasting and outstanding impact on the history of short stories. Even though Raymond Carver left a long impact, his life was of the opposite. Like Raymond Carver’s famous award winning stories, his life was short. Raymond Carver was born on May 25th, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River. Carver grew up in Yakima, Washington. Carver had three members to his small family, his mother, his father, and brotherRead MorePersuasive Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay In 1983, Raymond Carver introduced his short story â€Å"Cathedral† to the public. The first-person narrative takes place within the narrator’s home, where his wife is waiting upon the arrival of her blind friend Robert. The narrator, however, becomes more concerned about how Robert’s visit will affect him rather than enjoy the situation. Once Robert arrives, the narrator tries to understand the blind man, but he is unaware of what tasks Robert is capable of performing due to the narrator’sRead MoreThe Meaning Behind Seeing By Raymond Carver1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Meaning Behind Seeing In the short story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, there is a very insightful message spoken about the true definitions between having sight and being able to see. The story focuses on three characters, and they each have emotions connected to one another, whether it be trust, jealousy or compassion. These characters include a blind man named Robert, the narrator who is unnamed in the story, and his wife who also does not receive a name for the story line. Each of theseRead MoreThe Two Sides Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Two Sides The views we have are what shapes us, sometimes we have vast knowledge of ideas. Other times we are limited in what we can understand. We are given the choice of seeking out more of said idea or choosing to remain as is. Cathedral by Raymond Carver is a story that gives us a look into what it is like to have our views challenged through experiencing them first hand. We are introduced to the story by narration and we are given a brief summary of how his wife and the blind man hadRead More Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories3821 Words   |  16 Pages Disjunction versus Communion in Raymond Carvers Short Stories Raymond Carver, poet, essayist, and short story writer, was very different from some other writers in that he clipped his writing until only the essential remained. Carver not only acknowledged the effect that fiction could have on readers, he proclaimed that it should affect readers.( Bonetti 58) Thus, when Carver writes about intimate relationships, the reader perceives the stories as more than entertainment or skillfulRead MoreRaymond Carver and his Works1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthat you have to creator’s life to see where the story actually comes from. No matter what we do in life we all as human beings find a way to show what we have been through in our lives. Raymond Carver was no different just he had a really tough road that he traveled and it showed in his stories. According to an interview with William, Stull in â€Å"Matters of Life Death: An Interview with Raymond Carver† Carver also understood that his life showed through in his work, â€Å"Wolff said in a review of my

Symptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease - 1897 Words

Background: Definition of the condition: Lyme disease is named after the town of Old Lyme in Connecticut, where the first cases of Lyme disease (LD) were discovered in 1975. About twelve children, who lived in the same area of this town, were diagnosed with arthritis which was discovered to be caused by Lyme disease (Levi et al., 2012). In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer and his coworkers, established the link between ticks and the transmission of Borralis bacteria which is proven to result in skin rashes. The life cycle: The tick has three stages: Larval, nymphs, and adult (which feed on different hosts). Ticks feed once for each stage. Larval ticks feed from August to September on white-footed mice, the nymphs are active†¦show more content†¦A skin rash called erythema migrans (Bulls- eye lesion) is seen in 70 to 80% of patients who have LD, which develops seven to ten days after a tick bite. The second stage occurs several weeks to months after the tick bite. The spirochetes spreads to lymph nodes and the blood causing disseminated skin lesions. If not treated, meningitis, facial palsy, heart block, and carditis may occur in some patients. The late persistent stage occurs months to years after initial infection. If patients are untreated, joints and muscle pain, arthritis of big joints, sleep disturbance, numbness, ataxia, and mood changes may occur (McPhee Papadakis, 2015.p. 1488). Diagnosis: The diagnosis is dependent on the stage of the disease. At the early stage, when there are flu like symptoms and a rash, the diagnosis is made clinically. The blood test, if made at this stage, will have negative results because the antibodies take two to four weeks to develop. For the late stage, the diagnosis of LD is made by a screening test using ELISA which is a very sensitive but less specific test. The positive results are confirmed by Western Blot test. Culture and PCR are gold standard tests for diagnosis of B. burgdorferi, but they are costly (McPhee Papadakis, 2015.p 1490) Treatment: Regardless of the stage of the disease, the maximum course of antibiotics does not exceed four weeks of therapy. Oral doxycycline,

Market Segmentation and Decision Making †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discussn about the Market Segmentation and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Marketing is the most important aspect of all businesses presently. Marketing plays a vital role in the growth and sustaining of any business. For this proper marketing management is to be observed by the organisations. In the context of the Woolworths supermarket chain, Australia, the study of marketing management has been reflected. In this paper, different aspects of marketing management of Woolworths which includes market segmentation, targeting, positioning, micro environment, macro environment, strengths and weaknesses of the organisation, opportunities and threats are discussed with valid evidences. The Woolworths supermarket chain is a leading name in the retail industry of Australia. It was founded in the year 1924, 5th December. Woolworths total no of employees are over 200 thousand, 6500 of them are serving the company and its customers for more than 25 years. It has contributed remarkably to the economy of Australia and it ranks 18th in the global retail industry. It pays off $ 2.1million to the government(Australian Food News, 2015). The Woolworths supermarket chain is actually a renowned and one of the ancient organisations of Australia, specialised for their food products and farm fresh vegetables, fruits and meat products. Woolworths is known to be the first to open fresh food stores in Australia. It has drastically transformed its business strategies over the century, reaching different countries of the world with its strongbusiness objectives. In Australian market Woolworths has solidified its position through fresh food supply direct from the farm and good service to the customers over years and offering good products at reasonable price. There are 190 000 employees out of which nearly 6500 are serving in the stores for over 25 years and over 28 million of loyal customers still choose Woolworths for their daily needs(Andaleeb, 2016). The Woolworths supermarket chain being one of the ancient and trusted organisation of Australia has an upper hand over the other companies. It has been serving customers with good food and better service at reasonable price since 1924. It has grown immensely since 1924 and now it has over 3000 stores across Australia and New Zealand. The agenda of Australian citizens to have healthy, farm fresh and local grown food has greatly benefitted Woolworths in its business(Global Farmers in Australia, 2016). Recently it has launched sushi stores outside the supermarkets which avails fresh and handmade sushi by the chefs in-stores. Besides, fresh sea-fishes are another attraction of the Woolworths supermarkets. In spite of the fierce competition in a market like Australia with new companies popping in Woolworths has been able to sustain its position quite strongly in the market of Australia. The Woolworths supermarket group have earned $56.7 billion of annual turnover in 2012. It pays the Australian govt. $2.1 billion tax. It earned $48.6 per share in 2015 which is a good profit level. Moreover it employed over 190,000 of people which means it contributes to the economy of Australia significantly(Booth Coveney, 2015). Macro Environment (Pestle Factor) The macro environment of the Woolworths supermarket group includes political, economic, social, technical, legal and environmental factors which influence the organisational operations. Political: Woolworths is a very renowned organisation and it has faced all the ups and downs of political disturbances and upheaval of the nation, and managed to keep it position intact. Political condition of any nation highly influences the organisational activities, both internal and external. Issues regarding the consumption of liquor can be recently found in Australia, which can affect the company (Wardle, 2015). Economic: A nations economic condition contributes to the growth of any business. Conditions like recession and unemployment affects the organisational growth. However the economic condition of Australia has elevated a lot which has contributed to the growth of the company. Social: The social condition of Australia has improved drastically since 1924, when Woolworths began. The income of the middle class has increased considerably and the outlook of the people towards food habits has changed remarkably. The inclination towards healthy foods and local farm products has greatly influenced the companys growth. Technological: Technologically Australia is very rich, with numerous companies supplying new machineries, gadgets and invention of new farming techniques have benefitted the organisation. Moreover the digital media has eased the efforts of Woolworths from the beginning. The Woolworths supermarket group was the first to introduce self-help stores. Environmental: Natural environment of a country greatly serves to the growth of a business. For food chains like Woolworths, environment plays very important role in the smooth functioning of the company, since these food based organisations are dependent upon the cultivation and farms directly. Woolworths takes care of the environmental issues like wastage of water, garbage dumping, location of warehouses in safe regions and environment pollutions. Legal: The legislation of the nation determines the healthy growth of the businesses. The organisation needs to comply with the food laws. It needs to meet the standards of the food set by government in its products. Moreover in case of opening new outlets it needs to follow the regulations set by the govt. and licenses need to be renewed from time to time (Kew Stredwick, 2017) Outline and examine the major market segments for the organisation and identify the primary and secondary target markets. Woolworths has efficiently identified the market segments it has to keep its grip continuing. The customers of Woolworths are varied ranging from the regular shoppers to online shoppers and the liquor lovers. From time to time it has been launching new services and schemes to keep adding new customers and creating a host of loyal customers. As mentioned before Woolworths have 28million loyal customers out of which nearly 14.6 million are regular buyers. Woolworths has successfully positioned itself into the homes and minds of customers. It offers to the customers a plethora of choices in their stores knowing the different customer demands. Its stores are filled with stocks of various ranges which are up-to-date, fresh and reliable for the customers (Andaleeb, 2016). Woolworths new addition to its business strategies are fresh sea-fish corners in the stores which stocks fresh packed fish fillets and choices of different sauces for no extra cost. Another attraction of the Woolworths is the availability of meat and beef freshly supplied from the farms for the meat lovers, well-packed and easy to carry. Recently sushi bars have been introduced outside the supermarkets which sell fresh and hot handmade sushi by the chefs in stores for the healthy-food lovers. This way Woolworths have successfully occupied the position in the minds of the customers of different backgrounds and diverse lifestyles (Woolworths Group, 2017). The Woolworths supermarket group is the leading retail industry in Australia. It has 43% of the total Australian market share which is quite huge portion. Woolworths enjoys an annual turnover of $56.7 billion. It pays the government huge taxes which accounts $2.1 billion. Woolworths have successfully gripped the Australian market and New Zealand market which are its primary target market. But Woolworths compared to other MNCs have very few markets globally(Rajabian Tabesh, Batt, Butler, 2016). In recent years it has developed its subsidiaries in nations like China, India, South Africa and Japan. While other multinational retail industries like Wal-Mart has successfully grabbed global retail industry shares through its business in US, Canada, Mexico, UK, Asia, South America, Europe. Though its very important for Woolworths to extend its business globally, international market can be considered as the secondary market. Since Australia and New Zealand is the home ground for Woolworths, it needs to keep its grip tight over the home market while trying for global market. It has been ranked 18th in the global retail industry market which is very important for Australia (Wilkins, G., 2014). Discuss the level of involvement the primary segment is likely to have towards the organisation in terms of decision making. The primary segment of Woolworths refers to the grocery shoppers, liquor lovers, household shoppers and the online shoppers. It is said in recent report that Woolworths is likely to change its strategies towards a better experience for both the online and stores customers. It is said that they will keep the prices for the online shoppers in par with the store prices, so that they put Woolworths always first on the list. Segmentation as we know is a very important part of the marketing strategy. It helps the organisation to understand the behaviour of different groups of customers. Segmentation as known can be done in three ways geographic, demographic and psychographic. Woolworths focuses on all the three ways of segmentation that is why it has decided to refurbish 80 of its stores according to the demand of the local customers. Further they say that Lean Retail Model strategy will be applied under which $500,000 cost reduction will follow in the financial years of 2015-16 (Australia n Food News, 2015). To sustain its position and increase the annual sales Woolworths supermarket chain has announced a host of programmes for the customers. Also to grab the most share of the grocery basket of the customers Woolworths authorities have decided to improve the stocks in the stores, a Click and Collect procedure for the online shoppers have also been introduced which will ease the efforts of online shoppers and quick delivery will be followed. Through this program, a more convenient way of shopping for the online shoppers is reflected(Bailey, Price, Pyman, Parker, 2015). Further new stores opening in proportion with the increasing population in Australia and New Zealand has also been declared by M.D. Brad Banducci. More attractive loyalty programmes for the customers have been thought of by the Woolworths authority. Woolworths Rewards is a famous loyalty program in Australia and is most popular. From the above programs decided by the Woolworths authority reflects how the primary segment influences the decision making of the organisation. An organisation like Woolworths is always known for its dedication towards customers. Its customer feedback system enables it to know the demands of the customer and their advices and suggestions are always prioritised to help improve their products and services. The Voice of the Customers program and the Support Office are said to be very efficient customer feedback system through which daily feedback from customer are received. This proves that Woolworths supermarket group emphasizes on the customer feedbacks to improve their techniques and strategies. The primary segment is deeply involved in the decision making of Woolworths supermarket authorities (Woolworths Group, 2017). Describe the nature of competition in the industry. Explain and analyse the organisations place in the market by comparing and contrasting its strengths and weaknesses to the main competitor The Australian retail industry market has been majorly occupied by the Woolworths supermarket group with Australian market share of 43% until the growth of organisations like ALDI and Coles. Coles is definitely the main competitor of Woolworths with a total of 37% of the Australian market shares. The competition among the retailer tycoons Woolworths and Coles are fair. The competition lies in keeping the customers engaged in choosing a brand as the numero uno in their everyday list of household needs (Arli, Dylke, Burgess, Campus, Soldo, 2013). Woolworths has numerous businesses under different banners like Safeway Supermarket, Big W, Dan Murphy, Dick Smith and others which are spread all over Australia and New Zealand. The companies keep on bringing new strategies to the fore in order to attract and retain customers. Recently the Woolworths low pricing strategy was answered by the Coles in form of price rewind strategy. In 2011 it is reported that Woolworths with other major retail ers and suppliers developed a Charter of Fair Trade which encloses the key principles of supplier-retailer business relationship(Flannigan, 2011). Woolworths is leading in terms of Australian market shares. While Woolworths has 43% of market share, Coles is lagging behind at 37%. The financial performance of Woolworths is far better than Coles in terms of profit margin and revenue per share and annual sales even after the Easter adjustments. The total annual sale of Woolworths is $55.5 billion in 2017 while it is only $2.87billion for Coles in 2017(Woolworths Group, 2017). Woolworths is the reputed brand and it was ranked as the largest retailer in Australia and New Zealand in field of business size, range of products, services and prices. Also it has the reputation of meeting customer needs through innovative processes. In the year 2012 it was awarded as the sustainable retailer by BRM AMP Australian retailer. TheColes have a good reputation about their advertising and promotional campaigns which are better than Woolworths. Recently they have carried out promotional campaign in collaboration with Apple brand and other major suppliers Apple for Students which was successful(Smith, Smith, Hampson, Junor, 2015). The Coles also have a remarkable pricing strategy which characterizes different promotional offers and price cuts The relationship of Woolworths and its suppliers, producers and distributors are considered very strong and they take pride in it. Woolworths the Fresh Food Future programme in 2007, helped the farmers by encouraging and promoting sustainable agriculture. The Coles have recently gone through negative publicity about their relationship with the suppliers. This impacted their sale greatly. Woolworths and Coles both need to extend their businesses across the world. Though Woolworths have in recent years developed subsidiaries in nations like China, Japan, US, France but they have to face terrible competition with global retailers like Wal-Mart, Costco, Amazon, Tesco PLC and others (Baker, 2014). Woolworths has significantly facing debts in last few years which can affect the growth of the organisation. The Coles has also faced losses of $89 million in its hardware businesses in UK and Ireland ((SBS, 2017). Taking into consideration the primary segment, their level of involvement and the competition, create a positioning map for the market place. The primary segment as identified by the organisation is the grocery customers, liquor lovers and household shoppers. In the context of positioning an organisation can place itself in one of the four different quadrants in the positioning map. The positioning map is depicted in the figure below, It can be seen from the above diagram or the position map that an organisation can position itself in one among the four different quadrants. These are low price and high quality, low price, low quality, high price low quality and high price, high quality segments (Sohal, 2013). As Woolworths is an organisation which is widely known as the grocery market leader in Australia it will certainly position itself in the low price, high quality segment. Woolworths reserves this position to provide price competition to its rival firms. In order to do so Woolworths accrues fresh raw materials directly from the growers and farmers. This is the underlying strategy followed by Woolworths to maintain low price and at the same time provide high quality products as well. Conclusion Thus, it can be seen from the above paper, the influences of market segmentation on decision making for any organisation. Segmentation, targeting, positioning are the key components for marketing management. Moreover the Marketing management also involves evaluating the current market trends which are also discussed in terms of growth, profitability and the macro environment. Through Pestle analysis macro environment has been presented and also shown how it affects the growth of the organisation. Further the influence and involvement of the primary segment over the organisational policies has been described with valid evidences. The SWOT analysis helps to realize the position of the organisation and its growth tendencies can also be evaluated. Lastly a position map has also been created to clear the understanding of the reader about the organisation. Works Cited Andaleeb, S. S. (2016). Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning . In S. S. Andaleeb, Strategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries (pp. 179-207). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., Soldo, E. (2013). Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura, 16(1), 1-11. Australian Food News. (2015). Woolworths announces new strategies to win over grocery shoppers, AFN reveals full detai. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from Australian Food News: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/05/06/woolworths-announces-new-strategies-to-win-over-grocery-shoppers-afn-reveals-full-detail.html Bailey, J., Price, R., Pyman, A., Parker, J. (2015). Union power in retail: contrasting cases in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 40(1), 1. Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Booth, S., Coveney, J. (2015). Food democracy: From consumer to food citizen. Springer. Flannigan, N. (2011). Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry. Productivity Commission Draft Report. Global Farmers in Australia. (2014). Do Coles and Woolworths control Australian Agriculture? Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://globalfarmer.com.au/2014/08/coles-woolworth-control-australian-agriculture/ Global Farmers in Australia. (2016). Do Coles and Woolworths control Australian Agriculture? Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://globalfarmer.com.au/2014/08/coles-woolworth-control-australian-agriculture/ Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017). Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Rajabian Tabesh, A., Batt, P. J., Butler, B. (2016). Modelling the Impact of Environmental and Organizational Determinants on Green Supply Chain Innovation and Performance. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(4), 436-454. SBS. (2017). Coles earnings slip Wesfarmers profit up. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/08/17/coles-earnings-slip-wesfarmers-profit Smith, E., Smith, A., Hampson, I., Junor, A. (2015). How closely do Australian Training Package qualifications reflect the skills in occupations? An empirical investigation of seven qualifications. International Journal of Training Research, 13(1), 49-63. Sohal, A. S. (2013). Developing competencies of supply chain professionals in Australia: collaboration between businesses, universities and industry associations. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 429-439. Sydney Morning Herald . (2015). Woolworths shares facing headwinds, says Morgan Stanley. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/markets/woolworths-shares-facing-headwinds-says-morgan-stanley-20150120-12twvl.html Wardle, J. (2015). Price-based promotions of alcohol: Legislative consistencies and inconsistencies across the Australian retail, entertainment and media sectors. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(5), 522-530. Wilkins, G. (2014). Woolworths, Wesfarmers among worlds top 20 retailers. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/woolworths-wesfarmers-among-worlds-top20-retailers-20140113-30quy.html Woolworths Group. (2017). Company Results, Full-Year 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/content/Document/Woolworths%20Group%202017%20-%20Analyst%20presentation.pdf Woolworths Group. (2017). Strategies and Objectives. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objectives/